Anabolic Steroids Outlet

Premade Cycles

Our Premade cycles are very popular and come with everything to start! We have a variety of options which you can always add too. Never forget that training and good diets are also key as part of any cycle.

A word from our managment team: We have a really strong customer base built from doing good buisness, listening to our customers and having a great product range. Our Cycles are popular so check them out here! We look forward to doing buisness with you! 

BUY STEROIDS IN THE US

Here, we provide anabolic steroids and growth hormones for sale at the best prices, plus free shipping on every order. You can benefit from the extensive wide range of anabolic steroids tablets, injectable anabolic steroids, growth hormones, fat burners and also products for the protection of your health.

Be Aware​

We do not sell anabolic steroids to any person under the age of 18

If you are 18 years of age or less, and are already thinking about using anabolic steroids, you probably have a desire to skip the hard work and take the easy route. But you have to believe us. You do not want to experiment with your body at this young age and if you choose this route at such a young age, you may hinder your natural growth production. Due to synthetic testosterone shutting down your own natural testosterone production, taking this route to early, may actually set you back later on in life in respects to your own production of hormones becoming unbalanced at such an early age.

To protect the owner of the website, site visitors who use anabolic steroids and want to buy in the UK. If you are under 18 years of age or have not been training for at least two years, please leave this page and do some research on how to safely and correctly use these amazing enhancement products. We enforce this rule not only to protect ourselves, but more importantly, to protect our valued customers. 


Anabolic Steroids

andro arnies a's balls or bulls caseys gear gym candy hgh juice performance & image enhancing drugs pumpers roids stackers steroids vets' drugs weight trainers

What are anabolic steroids?

Most anabolic androgenic steroids are synthetic products based on the structure of testosterone, the natural male sex hormone responsible for the development of masculine characteristics.

Anabolic means tissue building and muscular development and androgenic means male producing, and is responsible for the development of secondary male sex characteristics such as deepening of the voice and increased body hair.

Anabolic steroids are very different from steroids commonly used for medical treatment (corticosteroids) such as prednisone, which is used to treat asthma. 

Download the anabolic steroids fact sheet.

Misusing steroids can have dangerous side effects.

What steroids do to you depends on:

how much you use
how often you use
your size and weight
your age
whether you are male or female
how good your general health is
whether you use steroids with other drugs
if there is a family history of health issues such as blood pressure, kidney problems, liver problems, etc.

Potential effects

Men and women

acne
bloating
jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes) from effects on the liver
heart problems - abnormal heart rhythms (due to use with diuretics), high blood pressure, and/or heart attack
increased LDL cholesterol levels
diabetes, kidney problems
permanent liver damage, liver tumours
decreased immune function.

Men

baldness
aggressiveness
shrinking testicles
enlargement of the prostate
impotence
development of breast tissue (man boobs)
infertility.

Women

hair growth on face, back and bottom
permanent deep voice
hair loss
decreased breast size
problems with menstrual cycle (periods)
enlarged clitoris
infertility.

In children and teenagers, anabolic steroids may stunt growth.

Psychological effects

Steroid use can cause anxiety, depression, paranoia and psychosis in people who have a vulnerability to mental health problems.

Drug use can lead to social and emotional problems and affect a person’s relationship with family and friends. It may impair your capacity as a parent/primary carer of children. People who use steroids often report they experience:

anger
mood changes
increased aggression – roid rage
frustration
depression
over competitiveness

​Hormones are chemicals released by the body. For example, the pituitary gland naturally releases growth hormone which tells bones and muscles to grow and repair. There are numerous artificial hormones and hormone stimulating drugs in the performance and image enhancing drug (PIED) market.

Peptides are small proteins. Some forms can be injected and stimulate the release of human growth hormones. These have become increasingly popular among professional and amateur athletes as they are hard to detect due to how quickly they are absorbed by the body.

Cycling is periods on and off steroids, which some people use to try and avoid the worst side effects of steroid use. Sometimes other medicines are added to offset the adverse effects of the steroids such as tamoxifen. There is no evidence that these approaches actually works.

Stacking is the practice of using various amounts of different steroids together to try to produce specific effects. There is no evidence this actually works, and the more steroids taken at any one time, the higher the risk of side effects.

Oral steroids can be toxic to the liver.

Injecting exposes users to a host of harmful viral and bacterial infections, such as HIV, hepatitis B and C, and potential muscular and neural damage.

Injecting exposes users to a host of harmful bacterial infections and result in injecting related injuries such as skin abscesses (sores with pus).

Injecting steroids increases the likelihood of contracting bacterial infections and skin abscesses. It is safest to NEVER share injecting equipment.

In NSW, sterile injecting equipment is available from Needle and Syringe Program (NSP) outlets and from selected pharmacists. Call the Alcohol and Drug Information Service (ADIS) for the nearest NSP outlet.

Anabolic-androgenic steroid effects on early morbid symptoms after
open prostatectomy: A pilot study
GHOLAMREZA POURMAND, SEPEHR SALEM, ALI KARAMI, NIMA BARADARAN, &
ABDOLRASOUL MEHRSAI
Urology Research Centre, Sina Hospital, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
(Received 28 June 2007; revised 7 March 2008; accepted 13 June 2008)
Abstract
Objectives. Anabolic-androgenic steroids such as Nandrolone phenpropionate (NP) dramatically improve the tolerance to
acute stress conditions, strength, and subsequently the quality of life in elderly men. We hypothesize that preoperative pulse-
dose supraphysiological NP administration might improve the early morbid symptoms in older patients undergoing open
prostatectomy.
Methods. From 2005 to 2006, 54 patients with a mean age of 70 years, diagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia and
hospitalized for open prostatectomy were enrolled in the study. They were randomly selected to receive preoperative
supraphysiological NP (100 mg, intramuscularly, pulse-dose) or sesame oil placebo, prospectively. Early postoperative
morbid symptoms including subjective urinary symptoms (dysuria, bladder retention sensation), incision site pain and
general satisfaction of their current urinary condition were assessed by a 6-point scale, self-administrated questionnaire at 24
and 48 h, postoperatively. The sex hormone binding globulin and the testosterone levels were also measured.
Results. The 24-h postoperative symptoms were significantly reduced in the NP group compared to the placebo (6.18 +
2.81 versus 9.77 + 2.15; P 5 0.001). The postoperative symptoms were reported to have a decline in the 48 h following
operation, though was calculated to be statistically insignificant (4.48 + 2.32 versus 5.55 + 1.84; P ¼ 0.06). There was no
complication attributed to NP therapy.
Conclusions. The data supported the hypothesis that the preoperative anabolic steroid supplements (such as NP) could
result in a better postoperative endurance in elderly men undergoing open prostatectomy. Further studies, longer and
repeated pulse injections in a larger number of older men are mandatory to prove the claim.
Keywords: Elderly men, BPH, open prostatectomy, postoperative morbid symptoms, anabolic-androgenic steroid
Introduction
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common
disease with an estimated prevalence of 25–50% in
men of 40 to 79 years old; it is reported in more than
90% of men aged 80 years and more [1–3]. Open
prostatectomy is a common therapeutic modality for
patients suffering from BPH, particularly those with
large glands; however, several minimally invasive
techniques have also been developed [4–6]. Bladder
outlet obstruction symptoms, commonly seen in such
patients, are often accompanied with several pro-
blems, and affect the patients’ quality of life subse-
quently [3–7].
A gradual and progressive decline in serum
testosterone levels is stated in men due to aging;
approximately 20% of men in their 60s and 50% of
those aged 80 and more are reported to have low total
testosterone levels [8]. Furthermore, several studies
have demonstrated the impact of long-term use of
certain medications (e.g. glucocorticoides, opiates,
alcohol), chronic medical illnesses (e.g., renal failure,
malignancy), and acute stress conditions (e.g. trauma,
surgery) on decrement of the serum testosterone level
in elderly men [9,10].
It is believed that elderly males with serum
testosterone levels lower than the normal value have
a poor performance in their daily activity. Generalized
chronic body pain, lower pain threshold, loss of sense
of well-being, decreased muscular mass, decreased
strength, increased fat mass, mood disorders and
sexual dysfunction are other frequent complaints of
this group of patients [10–16].
Testosterone supplementation has been shown to
improve rehabilitation outcomes in older men with
low-normal serum testosterone levels during an
inpatient rehabilitation stay [17]. Furthermore, it
has recently been revealed that supraphysiological
administration of testosterone improves the post-
operative physical function and shortens the hospita-
lization period in elderly men undergoing major
surgeries [18].
Correspondence: S. Salem, MD, Urology Research Center, Sina Hospital, Hassan-Abad Square, Tehran 1136746911, Iran. Tel/Fax: þ98-21-66717447.
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
The Aging Male, September 2008; 11(3): 123–127
ISSN 1368-5538 print/ISSN 1473-0790 online Ó 2008 Informa UK Ltd.
DOI: 10.1080/13685530802272857
Short-term and medically adjusted doses of ana-
bolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are not reported to
be accompanied with any major side effects
[11,19,20]. Nandrolone phenpropionate (NP), with
the dose of 25–100 mg, is a short acting AAS. Its
physiological effects occur after 12 h, and resolve
within 24–36 h of injection (half life: 12–24 hours)
[21,22].
The major indication of prostatectomy in BPH
patients is to improve the quality of life [5,6]. Since the
administration of testosterone dramatically improves
the tolerance to acute stress conditions, strength, and
subsequently the quality of life, we hypothesized that
the administration of supraphysiological AASs might
improve the immediate postoperative symptoms
including the incision site pain, the subjective feeling
of bladder retention (bladder fullness), dysuria and
the general satisfaction level of the urinary symptoms.
Therefore, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-
controlled trial; in this study pulse-dose supraphysio-
logical NP was administered in older men undergoing
open prostatectomy and then the early postoperative
morbid symptoms were compared with those who had
received placebo.
Methods
Patients
Fifty-four open prostatectomy candidates, with a
mean age of 70 years (range: 51–87) were screened
and enrolled in our study. The study included patients
older than 50 years who were candidates for open
prostatectomy and willing to comply the study. All of
them had been diagnosed to have BPH based on a
standard international prostate symptom score (IPSS)
questionnaire and an expert urologist decision (una-
ware of the study objectives). A complete history was
taken from the subjects and they all underwent a
thorough physical examination. The exclusion criteria
included documented cancer of the prostate or any
other organs, severe liver or kidney disease, severe
psychiatric disorders, metabolic diseases such as
diabetes mellitus, substance abuse, positive history
of AASs use, long-term use of any drug known to
interfere with the pharmacodynamics of AASs such as
Nandrolone, advanced spinal cord lesion, or any other
morbid and debilitating diseases (whether correlated
with the genitourinary system or not).
Experimental design
The study was performed in the Urology Research
Centre of Sina Hospital as a prospective, double-
blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial from March
2005 to March 2006. After obtaining the written
informed consent, the 54 patients who met the
inclusion criteria were allocated into two study
groups, using a balanced blocked random number
list. Patients in the treatment group (n ¼ 27) received
100 mg NP (Iran Hormone, Tehran, Iran) intra-
muscularly 1 h before the surgery. The placebo
group patients (n ¼ 27) received 3 ml of sterile
sesame oil, indistinguishable in appearance, at the
same time the treatment group received the drug. An
experienced nurse, unaware of the study objectives
and the content of the syringes performed the
injections. All subjects underwent suprapubic pros-
tatectomy by the same surgery team, using the same
anaesthetic procedure (spinal anaesthesia). Follow-
ing open prostatectomy, a 3-way Foley catheter 24
(Wrap, Japan) was used in all patients; the catheter
was removed 5–7 days post-operation. Cystostomy
was removed 7–10 days after surgery. All patients
received Ceftriaxone (1 g twice a day) plus Amikacin
(500 mg twice a day) during the first 48 h post-
prostatectomy; the regimen was then changed to
Cefixime (400 mg daily) and continued for the next
5 days. Bladder irrigation was performed following
surgery in the operating theatre and continued for 2
days. After the operation, they were all recovered in
the general urology unit by the same urologic and
nursing staff. All patients were mobilized the day
after surgery. The study was performed in accor-
dance with the Declaration of Helsinki and subse-
quent revisions, and was approved by the Research,
Investigation and Ethics Committee of Sina Hospital
and the Human Research Supervision Board of
Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Measurements
An investigator blind to the study procedures asked
the patients to rate their dysuria, incisional site pain,
urinary retention sensation and general satisfaction
of their current urinary condition according to a 6-
point visual scale. The highest scores were con-
sidered as discomfort, pain, fullness sensation and
dissatisfaction, respectively. The scores were re-
corded 24 and 48 h after the operation. The
maximum score was 20 (the worst condition) and
the minimum was 0 (No complaints at all). The
questionnaire was compiled by a group of urologists
in the Urology Research Centre and approved by
the Urology Board and Ethics Committee of Tehran
University of Medical Sciences and Iranian Urolo-
gical Association (IUA).
The patients’ pain level was estimated subjectively
(No pain ¼ 0, Very mild pain ¼ 1, Mild pain ¼ 2,
Moderate pain ¼ 3, Severe pain ¼ 4, and Awful
pain ¼ 5). No pain treatment was used when patients
declared no, very mild or mild pain. In moderate
pain, the well-trained nurses had the authority to use
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
(100 mg suppository Diclofenac sodium). In cases
of severe pain, Tramadol (IV stat) was prescribed. If
the patients complained of awful pain, they were
examined by a surgeon and an expert nurse and
suitable treatment was prescribed according to the
patients’ condition.
124 G. Pourmand et al.
In each visit the patients underwent a com-
plete physical examination and the vital signs were
checked. In cases of dysuria, Phenazopyridine
(100 mg per 8 h) was prescribed. In addition to
routine laboratory tests (such as complete blood
count with differentials, serum urea, creatinine, liver
function tests, urinalysis and urine culture), prostate
specific antigen (PSA, normal range: 5 4 ng/ml), sex
hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (normal range:
14.5–48.5 mmol/L) and serum total testosterone
level (normal range: 225–800 mg/dl) were checked
preoperatively in all patients. Serum total testoster-
one and SHBG were measured using electrochemi-
luminescence (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). The
prostate volume was also estimated at the baseline
using ultrasonography.
Statistical analysis
The analysis was performed using Statistical
Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago,
IL). The results were compared in both groups using
a non-parametric two-sample rank-sum test (Mann-
Whitney) and a student t test. For all comparisons an
a of 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
A total number of 54 patients entered the study, all of
which completed the research. They were rando-
mized to receive either AAS prior to the operation
(NP group, n ¼ 27) or placebo (placebo group,
n ¼ 27). Two patients in the placebo group needed
blood transfusion. No perioperative mortality was
reported. There were no significant differences in
demographic and baseline characteristics of NP and
placebo group (Table I). The IPSS questionnaire
also indicated no significant differences in preopera-
tive symptoms and the severity of BPH in the two
studied groups (Table I).
Compared with those who received placebo, the
subjects in the NP group were more satisfied with
their urinary condition in the first 24 hours following
operation (mean score + standard deviation ¼ 1.67 +
0.48 versus 2.48 + 0.63; P 5 0.001). This was also
true for other variables including the incisional site pain
(0.89 + 0.89 versus 1.85 + 0.9; P 5 0.001), the ur-
inary retention sensation (1.89 + 1.01 versus
2.70 + 0.86; P ¼ 0.003) and dysuria (1.74 + 0.90
versus 2.74 + 0.71; P 5 0.001) (Table II).
This statistically significant difference was not re-
ported between NP and placebo groups, 48 h post-
operatively (4.48 + 2.32 versus 5.55 + 1.84; P ¼ 0.06).
The differences between the 24-h and the 48-h
scale scores in NP (6.18 versus 4.48) and placebo
group (9.77 versus 5.55) demonstrated a trend
towards recovery in both groups. This rehabilitation
was accompanied by lower morbid symptoms in the
NP group compared with the placebo patients.
Table II. Outcome of the studied patients based on their groups.
Time Outcome
NP{ group
(n ¼ 27)
Placebo group
(n ¼ 27) P-value
First 24 h If you were to spend the rest of your life with the current urinary condition,
how would you feel?
1.67 + 0.48 2.48 + 0.63 50.001
How would you describe the pain of your incision site? 0.89 + 0.89 1.85 + 0.90 50.001
How would you describe your sensation of not emptying your bladder completely? 1.89 + 1.01 2.7 + 0.86 0.003
How would you describe your burning sensation during urinating (dysuria)? 1.74 + 0.90 2.74 + 0.71 50.001
Total score, mean ranks + SD 6.18 + 2.81 9.77 + 2.15 50.001
Second 24 h If you were to spend the rest of your life with the current urinary
condition, how would you feel?
1.41 + 0.88 1.59 + 0.74 0.41
How would you describe the pain of your incision site? 0.37 + 0.30 0.70 + 0.70 0.07
How would you describe your sensation of not emptying your bladder completely? 1.37 + 0.92 1.63 + 0.74 0.26
How would you describe your burning sensation during urinating (dysuria)? 1.33 + 1.10 1.63 + 0.56 0.22
Total score, mean ranks + SD 4.48 + 2.32 5.55 + 1.84 0.06
Values are mean ranks + standard deviation (SD).
{NP, nandrolone phenpropionate.
Table I. Baseline characteristics of the studied patients.
Characteristic
NP{ group
(n ¼ 27)
Placebo
group
(n ¼ 27) P-value
Age (yrs) 70 + 8.3 69 + 7.7 0.91
Prostate
volume (cm3
)
54.2 + 17.6 58.7 + 22.1 0.77
Serum prostate
specific antigen
(ng/ml)
5.2 + 3.8 5.5 + 5.4 0.82
Serum total
testosterone
(ng/dl)
491 + 186.9 463 + 141.6 0.96
Serum SHBG*
(mmol/l)
31 + 16.1 35.2 + 9.2 0.24
IPSS{ 17.04 + 5.71 17.48 + 6.28 0.78
Values are mean + standard deviation (SD).
*SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; {NP, nandrolone phen-
propionate; {IPSS, international prostate symptom score.
Androgen effects on postoperative morbid symptoms 125
None of the subjects in the placebo group were
reported to have a lower score in any of the variables
compared to those in the NP group.
Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate
the impact of supraphysiological AAS on early
morbid symptoms following open prostatectomy in
elderly men with BPH. The results of our study
demonstrated that the preoperative administration of
supraphysiological AAS (NP) in elderly men under-
going open prostatectomy improves the immediate
postoperative morbid symptoms. It is likely that the
observed improvements were due to the anabolic
effects of NP in enhancing the functional status;
however, a beneficial effect of AASs on the percep-
tion of physical pain and the tolerance of acute
physical stress, or mood might also be important
[10–12].
Various effects of sex steroids and anabolic
androgens on the patients’ physical and psychological
performance have been observed in several studies
with controversial results. These observations have
been directed towards body strength, functional
performance, sexual functioning, libido, erectile
function, mood, memory, exercise-induced coronary
ischaemia, angina pectoralis, bone mineral density,
self-perceived functional status, wound healing and
quality of life [10–12,17,18,23–30]. For instance, Sih
et al. in 1997 conducted a trial on 32 hypogonadal
patients and administrated testosterone versus pla-
cebo. The testosterone group ended up in having a
better muscle strength; however, no significant
changes were observed in memory and PSA levels
[23]. A similar study was performed by Schiavi and
associates in 1997; they showed that androgen
administration may activate sexual behaviours in
their patients, while its effect on mood, memory and
sexual satisfaction has not been promising [24].
Bakhshi et al. reported that exogenous testosterone
administration improved sense of well-being and
mood and also decreased anxiety [17]. These
findings could subsequently indicate the decreased
burning sensation observed in our patients.
Janowsky and colleagues in 2000 suggested that
sex steroids could modulate working memory in men
and act as modulators of cognition [25]. It has also
been shown that even one dosage of supraphysiolo-
gical AAS injection could cause euphoria in patients,
which makes them feel less pain and also develops a
proportional tolerance towards the new circum-
stances in the early post-operative phase, which is
in line with our observation [12,26,27].
In a 2-year prospective trial performed by Nair et al.
in 2006, bone mineral density was shown to be
improved due to the administration of Dehydroe-
piandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone in men and
women respectively. Although neither DHEA nor
low-dose testosterone replacement in elderly people
are proved to have physiologically relevant beneficial
effects on body composition, physical performance,
insulin sensitivity, or quality of life [28], nevertheless,
Brill et al. have concluded that short-term testoster-
one administration improves certain measures of
balance, physical performance and quality of life in
elderly men [11]. Amory and associates have also
emphasized the beneficial recovery outcome in post-
operative phase following the short-term administra-
tion of testosterone in 25 patients who underwent
knee replacement surgery [18].
Consistent with our study, Demling and Orgill
reported that the use of a testosterone analogue,
oxandrolone improves wound healing and subse-
quently incisional site pain without resulting in any
significant side effects [29]. However, it has been
reported that endogenous testosterone inhibits
wound healing response in males and is associated
with an enhanced inflammatory response [30].
The early postoperative conditions including
dysuria, incisional site pain, bladder fullness sensa-
tion and general satisfaction of urinary system
condition were significantly better in patients
receiving NP compared with those receiving placebo;
however, other variables should also be applied in
order to evaluate the quality of life, completely.
These preliminary results deduced that the re-
markable differences between 24 and 48-hour scale
scores were attributed to NP’s biological character-
istics. As stated before, the initial physiological
effect of NP begins after 12 h and is completed
within 24–36 h of injection (half life: 12–24 h);
this status endorsed our claim. Furthermore, no
major complications were reported in our patients,
neither shortly after the surgery click here nor in late follow-
ups, which is compatible with other clinical trials
[11,28].
An additional benefit of preoperative androgen
might be a decreased need for blood transfusions;
androgen induces the erythropoietin production and
results in an increased haematocrit prior to opera-
tion. A long-term androgen administration might
even have more beneficial effects [10].
The decrease of rehabilitation period in the BPH
patients undergoing open prostatectomy could be
attributed to a faster ambulation after surgery; this
was also important in reducing the risk of thrombotic
complications [5–7].
In addition, as the focus of the present study was
only on the immediate postoperative symptoms, the
encouraging results warrant trials with a larger
number of patients, longer preoperative drug admin-
istration, and longer follow-ups.
A larger study is also required to observe the effects
on other perioperative parameters (such as transfu-
sion rate). On the other hand, due to the trial
limitations, we could not perform the regression
analysis in order to identify the possible confounders.
Even though the subjects were allocated randomly,
the differences between the two groups could not be
126 G. Pourmand et al.
ruled out. The small sample size, the use of
subjective questionnaire and short-term follow-up
might also be considered as other limitations of this
study.
In conclusion, open prostatectomy has improved
quality of life in many older patients. The surgery is
generally safe but there is a need for techniques to
improve outcomes and speed recovery in older
patients who undergo this procedure. Our pilot
study showed that the pulse-dose AASs (such as
NP) administered prior to open prostatectomy in
elderly men can potentially improve the patients’
tolerance and their quality of life within the first
24 hours.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the nursing,
secretarial and administrative staff of the Urology
Research Centre, Sina Hospital, especially
Mrs L. Shekarpour for her excellent cooperation in
the study, and also Dr P. Khashayar and
Ms M. Tayebi for her helpful assistance in prepara-
tion of the manuscript.
Declaration of interest: The authors report no
conflicts of interest. The authors alone are respon-
sible for the content and writing of the paper.
References
1. Garraway WM, Collins GN, Lee RJ. High prevalence of
benign prostatic hypertrophy in the community. Lancet
1991;338:469–471.
2. Sagnier PP, MacFarlane G, Richard F, Botto H, Teillac P,
Boyle P. Results of an epidemiological survey using a modified
American Urological Association symptom index for benign
prostatic hyperplasia in France. J Urol 1994;151:1266–1270.
3. Roberts RG. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: New guidelines
based on symptoms and patient preferences. Geriatrics
1994;49:24–31.
4. Barry MJ. Medical outcomes research and benign prostatic
hyperplasia. Prostate Suppl 1990;3:61–74.
5. Clark HS Jr. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Am J Med Sci
1997;314:239–244.
6. Mozes B, Cohen YC, Olmer L, Shabtai E. Factors affecting
change in quality of life after prostatectomy for benign
prostatic hypertrophy: The impact of surgical techniques. J
Urol 1996;155:191–196.
7. Gacci M, Bartoletti R, Figlioli S, Sarti E, Eisner B, Boddi V,
Rizzo M. Urinary symptoms, quality of life and sexual
function in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy
before and after prostatectomy: A prospective study. BJU Int
2003;91:196–200.
8. Harman SM, Metter EJ, Tobin JD, Pearson J, Blackman MR.
Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free
testosterone levels in healthy men. Baltimore Longitudinal
Study of Aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:724–731.
9. Matsumoto AM. Andropause: Clinical implications of the
decline in serum testosterone levels with aging in men. J
Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002;57:76–99.
10. Gruenewald DA, Matsumoto AM. Testosterone supplemen-
tation therapy for older men: Potential benefits and risks. J Am
Geriatr Soc 2003;51:101–115.
11. Brill KT, Weltman AL, Gentili A, Patrie JT, Fryburg DA,
Hanks JB, Urban RJ, Veldhuis JD. Single and combined
effects of growth hormone and testosterone administration on
measures of body composition, physical performance, mood,
sexual function, bone turnover, and muscle gene expression
in healthy older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:
5649–5657.
12. Su TP, Pagliaro M, Schmidt PJ, Pickar D, Wolkowitz O,
Rubinow DR. Neuropsychiatric effects of anabolic steroids in
male normal volunteers. JAMA 1993;269:2760–2764.
13. Breuer B, Trungold S, Martucci C, Wallenstein S, Likourezos
A, Libow LS, Zumoff B. Relationships of sex hormone levels
to dependence in activities of daily living in the frail elderly.
Maturitas 2001;39:147–159.
14. Barrett-Connor E, Von Mu ̈ hlen DG, Kritz-Silverstein D.
Bioavailable testosterone and depressed mood in older men:
The Rancho Bernardo Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;
84:573–577.
15. Shores MM, Sloan KL, Matsumoto AM, Moceri VM,
Felker B, Kivlahan DR. Increased incidence of diagnosed
depressive illness in hypogonadal older men. Arch Gen
Psychiatry 2004;61:162–167.
16. Gloth M. Pain management in older adults: Prevention and
treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49:188–199.
17. Bakhshi V, Elliott M, Gentili A, Godschalk M, Mulligan T.
Testosterone improves rehabilitation outcomes in ill older
men. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48:550–553.
18. Amory JK, Chansky HA, Chansky KL, Camuso MR, Hoey
CT, Anawalt BD, Matsumoto AM, Bremner WJ. Preoperative
supraphysiological testosterone in older men undergoing
knee replacement surgery. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:
1698–1701.
19. Evans NA. Current concepts in anabolic-androgenic steroids.
Am J Sports Med 2004;32:534–542.
20. Chung T, Kelleher S, Liu PY, Conway AJ, Kritharides L,
Handelsman DJ. Effects of testosterone and Nandrolone on
cardiac function: A randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Clin Endocrinol 2007;66:235–245.
21. Minto CF, Howe C, Wishart S, Conway AJ, Handelsman DJ.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Nandrolone
esters in oil vehicle: Effects of ester, injection site and injection
volume. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;281:93–102.
22. Parfitt K. Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 32nd edn.
London: Pharmaceutical Press; 1999, p. 1452.
23. Sih R, Morley JE, Kaiser FE, Perry HM 3rd, Patrick P,
Ross C. Testosterone replacement in older hypogonadal men:
A 12-month randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 1997;82:1661–1667.
24. Schiavi RC, White D, Mandeli J, Levine AC. Effect of
testosterone administration on sexual behavior and mood in
men with erectile dysfunction. Arch Sex Behav 1997;26:231–241.
25. Janowsky JS, Chavez B, Orwoll E. Sex steroids modify
working memory. J Cogn Neurosci 2000;12:407–414.
26. Nankin HR, Lin T, Osterman J. Chronic testosterone
cypionate therapy in men with secondary impotence. Fertil
Steril 1986;46:300–307.
27. Hall RC. Abuse of supraphysiologic doses of anabolic steroids.
South Med J 2005;98:550–555.
28. Nair KS, Rizza RA, O’Brien P, Dhatariya K, Short KR, Nehra
A, Vittone JL, Klee GG, Basu A, Basu R, et al. DHEA in
elderly women and DHEA or testosterone in elderly men.
Parfitt K. Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 32nd edn.
London: Pharmaceutical Press; 1999, p. 1452. N Engl J Med
2006;355:1647–1659.
29. Demling RH, Orgill DP. The anticatabolic and wound healing
effects of the testosterone analog oxandrolone after severe
burn injury. J Critical Care 2000;15:12–17.
30. Fimmel S, Zouboulis CC. Influence of physiological androgen
levels on wound healing and immune status in men. Aging
Male, 2005;8:166–174.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *